SURABAYA PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION JOURNAL
Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): SPMRJ, AUGUST 2026

Validity of The Brief Virtual Reality Satisfaction Questionnaire in Elderly: Correlation of Cognitive Function with Virtual Reality Satisfaction

Melinda Harini (Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia)
Marcela Wirjanata (Departement of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Indonesia & Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Indonesia)
Vita Amalia (Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Indonesia & Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia)
Natasha Valentina (Departement of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Indonesia & Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala, Indonesia)
Bob Arvianto (Departement of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Indonesia & Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Indonesia)
Satyanaya Widyaningrum (Departement of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas)
Luthfi Saiful Arif (Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics / Medical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia)
Arierta Pujitresnani (Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics / Medical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia)
Amien Suharti (Departement of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia -Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Indonesia)
Prasandhya Astagiri Yusuf (Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics / Medical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia)
Boya Nugraha (Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany)
Martina Wiwie Nasrun (Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Indonesia)
Kuntjoro Harimurti (Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Indonesia)
Irma Ruslina Defi (Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran-Hasan Sadikin Academic Hospital, Indonesia)
Alida Roswita Harahap (Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
24 Aug 2026

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows users to do interactive activities in virtual circumstances. Rehabilitation using VR has shown effective result in treating cognitive impairment in elderly. VR offers a high level of flexibility and control over the user, enabling the user to perform intensive training according to their ability, keeping it enjoyable and compelling. Despite this fact, geriatric patients also face challenges in integrating technology into their daily activities, especially in developing country. Thus, Universitas Indonesia creating VR exergame software (VRE) which was named VRAGMENT. This study aimed to know the correlation of cognitive with VR satisfaction using VRAGMENT in elderly patients. This was a cross-sectional study, conducted on May until July 2023. Cognitive function was measured using Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian Version (MoCA-Ina) and VR satisfaction was measured using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). We use Meta Oculus VR as the hardware for VRAGMENT program. We recruited 80 elderly at the outpatient setting and 32 elderly at the inpatient setting, with MoCA-Ina range 8-30. All subjects enjoy VRAGMENT session. Subjects with higher cognitive levels have higher satisfaction than those with lower cognitive levels (r = 0.434, P<.05). There is a correlation between cognitive function that was measured using MoCA-Ina and brief VR satisfaction questionnaire. VRAGMENT protocols need to be adapted so could facilitate cognitive impairment and increase elderly satisfaction with this technology. Keywords: Elderly, Virtual Reality, Cognitive

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Journal Info

Abbrev

SPMRJ

Publisher

Subject

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Description

Surabaya Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal focused on both basic science and clinical study, with following topics: Neuromuscular rehabilitation Musculoskeletal rehabilitation Pediatric rehabilitation Cardiorespiratory rehabilitation Sport rehabilitation Geriatric rehabilitation This ...