<![CDATA[Background: Filariasis remains a public health issue and is endemic in 32 provinces in Indonesia. However, cases have also been reported in six non-endemic provinces, indicating that the potential for transmission persists and cannot be ignored.Methods: This study aims to identify risk factors for filariasis in endemic and non-endemic provinces in Indonesia using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) with a cross-sectional design. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted using a complex samples approach.Result: No significant association was found between sex, age, education, and occupation and the incidence of filariasis in both regions. In endemic provinces, larvicide use (AOR = 1.643, 95% CI: 1.164–2.294), disposal of discarded items (AOR = 1.438, 95% CI: 1.081–1.912), and the use of household insecticides (AOR = 1.399, 95% CI: 1.056–1.853) were significantly associated with filariasis incidence. In non-endemic provinces, no statistically significant risk factors were identified.Conclusion: These findings highlight a clear divergence in the dominant risk factors between endemic and non-endemic settings. Therefore, filariasis control strategies need to be tailored to regional characteristics by strengthening behavior change interventions in endemic areas and enhancing active surveillance and monitoring of population mobility in non-endemic areas to support filariasis elimination efforts in Indonesia. ]]>
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