<![CDATA[Background: Optimizing the inorganic–organic fertilizer balance is key to sustainable maize seed production that maintains yield and quality. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of different proportions of inorganic fertilizer and cattle manure on vegetative growth, yield components, grain yield, and physiological seed quality of hybrid maize. Methods: A nonfactorial RCBD with six treatments (B0 = 100% inorganic, B1 = 80% inorganic + 20% manure, B2 = 60% + 40%, B3 = 40% + 60%, B4 = 20% + 80%, B5 = 100% manure) was used, replicated four times. Data on plant height, leaf traits, ear components, grain yield, and seed quality (germination, vigor, 1000seed weight) were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD at 5% Result: Fertilizer proportions significantly affected plant height, leaf number, ear number, and ear length, but not leaf dimensions, ear diameter, kernel rows, or seed quality. B2 produced the tallest plants (77.3 cm) and most leaves (8.60), while B3 produced the most ears (1.35). Germination (96.0–98.1%) and vigor (95.7–99.6%) exceeded certified standards. Conclution: Balanced combinations (40–60% inorganic + 40–60% manure) enhance vegetative growth and yield without compromising seed quality. Partial or complete replacement of inorganic fertilizer with cattle manure is feasible for sustainable maize seed production, maintaining certified seed standards while reducing synthetic input reliance]]>
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