Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Occupational PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ Exposure Among Workers in Home-Based Sanitary Ware Industries in Karangbesuki, Malang City

Ismy Nur Hikmah (Environmental Health Study Program, STIKes Widyagama Husada, Indonesia)
Beni Hari Susanto (Environmental Health Study Program, STIKes Widyagama Husada, Indonesia)
Misbahul Subhi (Environmental Health Study Program, STIKes Widyagama Husada, Indonesia)

KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science
Vol 5 No 11 (2026): KESANS: International Journal of Health and Science

Introduction: Home sanitary industries produce particulate matter, posing occupational health risks. Objective: To assess environmental health risks of  and  exposure among 27 sanitary workers in Karangbesuki Village, Malang City using the ARKL approach. Methods: Direct air sampling for  and  concentrations and structured questionnaires for individual exposure parameters were collected to calculate intake and Risk Quotient (RQ). Results and Discussion: Average  and  concentrations ranged from , exceeding ambient standards. Individual intakes were  () and  (). Risk characterization revealed  for  of workers () for  and  () for . Additionally,  were smokers and  did not use respiratory PPE. Conclusion: Most workers face potential non-carcinogenic health risks, requiring urgent exposure controls and PPE compliance