Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society
Vol. 32 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER

Antimagic Labeling of Graph Unions of Trees and 4-Cycles

Poh Hwa Ong (Department of Mathematical and Actuarial Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman)
Huey Voon Chen (Department of Mathematical and Actuarial Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman)
Wei Shean Ng (Department of Mathematical and Actuarial Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Sep 2026

Abstract

Let $G(V,E)$ be a graph with $V(G)$ as the set of vertices and $E(G)$ as the set of edges. A labeling is a bijection $f:E(G)\to\{1,2,\cdots, |E(G)|\}$. For each vertex \(v\), let \(\phi(v)\) be the sum of the labels on the edges incident to \(v\). If all values \(\phi(v)\) are distinct, the labeling is antimagic, and the graph is antimagic if such a labeling exists. This paper explores the concept of antimagic labeling in graph theory, with a particular focus on the union of various tree structures, including stars, single brooms, and double brooms. We apply extended Skolem sequences to prove that for a wide range of parameters, unions of multiple 3-paths with appropriately many 4-cycles yield antimagic graphs. Additionally, we analyze combinations of 4-cycles paired with different tree structures.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JIMS

Publisher

Subject

Mathematics

Description

Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society disseminates new research results in all areas of mathematics and their applications. Besides research articles, the journal also receives survey papers that stimulate research in mathematics and their ...