<![CDATA[Employing citations in research article writing is significant in creating engagements with literature, and establishing authorial stances is also critical for convincing targeted readers to show that authors have sufficient knowledge for negotiating knowledge claims within their research papers. However, studies underpinning these issues in Indonesian research article introductions (RAIs) are still limited, particularly in the History and Law disciplines. Motivated by this need, this study intends to analyze citation numbers, authorial stances, and contextual uses of stances in cross languages (English-Indonesian) and disciplines (History and Law). To realize this intention, it used 60 English and Indonesian RAIs (one section, the introduction section) from the History and Law disciplines as data sets. The analysis used an earlier theoretical framework, by focusing on citation numbers counted manually, authorial stances to identify either positive, neutral, or negative, and contextual uses for the stance uses. Consideration of citation occurrence was counted in each citation numbers. For example, when a parenthetical cluster contain four references, they were counted as four citation numbers. Then, repeated citations to the same source counted each time. The results revealed that English RAIs contain more citations than Indonesian RAIs. Then, although all corpora tend to employ more neutral stances than the other two types, English RAIs used negative stances more than Indonesian RAIs when citing literature. The contexts for employing positive, neutral and negative stances are then discussed in this paper.]]>
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