<![CDATA[The healthcare landscape is undergoing change, driven by a significant shift towards digital health services aimed at improving care efficiency, within the context of heightened healthcare demands and financial constraints. Open Innovation emerges as a pivotal concept, fostering collaboration between healthcare providers and external partners to drive the creation of innovative healthcare products and services. Concurrently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a transformative tool, offering potential to reshape disease management and streamline healthcare operations. However, a notable gap exists in comprehending the nuances of AI innovations and their associated challenges, particularly within collaborative innovation frameworks. Employing a qualitative case study design, this study focuses on Scotland's healthcare innovation landscape, utilising semi-structured interviews with the stakeholders. The findings reveal six challenges in collaborative AI innovations: funding, problem definition, human resources, governance, regulation, and data quality and access. The study also presents recommended strategies for stakeholders to enhance the innovation process. Moreover, the research highlights that contest-based collaborations and strategic partnerships offer distinct models with trade-offs relating to expertise and inclusivity, underlining the significance of understanding these challenges for effective collaborative AI innovation in healthcare.]]>
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