<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the implementation of Kautilya’s classical strategy in modern India’s foreign policy towards Pakistan and China. Utilizing Realism and the Shadgunya concept from the Arthashastra as its theoretical framework, this descriptive-qualitative research adopts a literature study approach to dissect the geopolitical dynamics of South Asia. The results indicate that India offensively applies the Vigraha (confrontation) pillar against Pakistan as its primary adversary, while utilizing the Sandhi (alliance) pillar through the QUAD to curb China’s expansion in the Indo-Pacific. Concurrently, the Dvaidhibhava (dual policy) pillar is flexibly deployed toward China to balance border disputes with economic partnerships. In conclusion, ancient Indian strategic thought remains pragmatically relevant, actively adopted by contemporary policymakers to secure national interests and maintain a balance of power in the region]]>
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