<![CDATA[This article examines how Indonesia’s position within palm oil Global Production Networks contributes to recurrent transboundary haze in Southeast Asia and why global sustainability norms remain weakly embedded in local production practices. Using the framework of Global Production Networks—focusing on value, power, and embeddedness—the study employs qualitative document analysis of various sources. The findings reveal that haze persists due to uneven value distribution, imbalanced power relations, and weak normative embeddedness, leading to unsustainable land-use practices. The study concludes that improving domestic regulations, reforming certification processes, supporting smallholders, and integrating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are essential for transforming Indonesia’s palm oil governance]]>
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