<![CDATA[The implementation of health information systems (HIS) in primary care facilities faces significant challenges relating to the digital readiness and competence of healthcare workers, with multidimensional barriers in both social and technical aspects. This article aims to synthesise empirical evidence regarding the digital readiness and competence of healthcare workers in the implementation of HIS in primary care facilities, focusing on socio-technical challenges and capacity-building strategies. The method employed was a literature review. The findings indicate that the identified socio-technical challenges include digital literacy gaps between professions, resistance to change, limitations in internet infrastructure (9.45 per cent of community health centres (Puskesmas) lack access) and electricity supply, system fragmentation (an average of 30 platforms per facility), interface designs that do not align with clinical workflows, and the absence of ongoing technical support. Capacity-building strategies encompass 12 integrated interventions at the individual level (competency frameworks, tiered training, mentoring), the organisational level (transformational leadership, workflow redesign, a culture of learning), and the system level (infrastructure investment, interoperability standards, curriculum integration, technical helpdesks, and sustainable policies). Consequently, the digital readiness and competence of healthcare staff are critical determinants of the successful implementation of health information systems in primary care facilities. Digital transformation requires a holistic approach that balances technological investment with the sustainable capacity-building of human resources.]]>
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