<![CDATA[Optimising hospital management is a strategic imperative in meeting the demands for improved quality of healthcare services, operational efficiency and financial sustainability in the era of digital transformation. This literature review aims to synthesise empirical evidence regarding the role of governance innovation, human resource development (HRD) and clinical process transformation in enhancing organisational performance and the quality of healthcare services. The results of the synthesis indicate that the application of the principles of Good Hospital Governance (GHG) forms the cornerstone for creating a management system that is responsive to the dynamics of change in the external environment. The digitalisation of asset management, ERP-based performance appraisal systems, and the integration of AI into regulatory documentation significantly enhance operational efficiency and accountability. HRD through effective education, training and work motivation, supported by a high level of digital readiness, is a determining factor in the successful implementation of innovations. Clinical process innovations integrated with digital technology—including evidence-based clinical guidelines within electronic health records, digital patient safety interventions, and AI-assisted clinical decision-making—consistently demonstrate a reduction in medication errors, improved protocol adherence, and faster service delivery times. The efficiency of internal business processes based on clinical standards supports the sustainability of services within prospective payment systems such as the National Health Insurance (JKN). The conclusion of this review is that the optimisation of hospital management requires synergy between strong governance, competent and digitally-ready human resources, and standardised, technology-supported clinical processes within an organisational culture oriented towards continuous learning.]]>
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