<![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the body's inability to produce or use insulin effectively. The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia, reaching 10.9%, makes health promotion an important intervention to improve public knowledge in prevention efforts. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of health promotion through direct counseling, video, and leaflet media in improving public knowledge about diabetes mellitus prevention, and to identify the most effective medium among the three. This was a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental method with a Pretest-Posttest Multiple Group Design. The study was conducted in Tangkahan Village, Namorambe District, Deli Serdang Regency in February 2026. The population consisted of 125 people with diabetes mellitus, and a sample of 96 respondents was obtained, divided into three intervention groups of 32 each. Data were collected using a validated and reliable knowledge questionnaire. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test. Results showed a significant difference in knowledge before and after intervention in all groups with p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Mean knowledge scores in the direct counseling group increased from 15.8 to 27.8 (difference 12.00), the video group from 13.3 to 22.0 (difference 8.7), and the leaflet group from 13.9 to 19.22 (difference 5.32). Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, direct counseling showed the highest mean rank (70.75), followed by video (49.91) and leaflet (24.84), with H = 43.832 and p = 0.000. It was concluded that all three media were effective, with direct counseling being the most effective. Healthcare workers and village governments are recommended to integrate direct counseling-based health promotion as a routine diabetes mellitus prevention program.]]>
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