<![CDATA[This study examines the role of Fort Rotterdam as a center of Dutch colonial power and administration in Makassar following the Treaty of Bongaya in 1667. It analyzes the transformation of Fort Ujung Pandang into a colonial administrative center and explains the mechanisms through which the VOC exercised control over South Sulawesi. Using the historical method, the study proceeds through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography and draws on a range of historical literature. The findings show that Fort Rotterdam functioned not only as a military stronghold but also as a center of administration, political surveillance, trade monopoly, and colonial social control. Its transformation reflects the Dutch colonial strategy of establishing a centralized and hierarchical system of governance in eastern Indonesia. The study argues that Fort Rotterdam became a symbol of colonial hegemony through the integration of military, political, economic, and bureaucratic power.]]>
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