<![CDATA[This study estimates the regional growth function of the Special Region of Yogyakarta by treating human capital, domestic investment (PMDN), foreign direct investment (PMA), and the COVID-19 shock as determinants. It also tests beta convergence across districts and the association between output growth and food security. Panel data for five regencies/municipalities from 2018 to 2023 are examined using panel regression, a convergence test, and a growth–food security model. Human capital deepening and domestic capital accumulation raise growth significantly, whereas PMA is insignificant; the COVID-19 dummy captures a sizable contraction. The positive coefficient on initial income per capita rejects the catch-up hypothesis in the sample period. Growth is positively associated with the Food Security Index, consistent with an income-and-access channel. Thus, DIY’s economic performance is driven more by human capital and domestic investment than by FDI, but remains uneven. Policy should correct disparities in initial regional capacity so that higher output also strengthens food security.]]>
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