<![CDATA[This study aimed to formulate and characterize bar soap based on coconut oil and olive oil with the addition of rose essential oil (Rosa hybrida) as an implementation of green chemistry principles. Essential oil was extracted from fresh and dried rose flowers (75 g and 100 g, four replications each) using the Soxhlet method with n-hexane solvent, followed by simple distillation. The best essential oil (fresh flowers, 100 g) was formulated into three soap variations: F1 (100% coconut oil), F2 (100% olive oil), and F3 (50:50 combination), each with 5 mL essential oil added. Characterization included organoleptic, pH, foam stability, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (well diffusion method), and hedonic tests by 55 panelists. Dried flowers produced a larger oil volume (average 8.8 mL) than fresh flowers (2.45 mL), while fresh flowers produced a sharper aroma. All formulas met SNI 3532:2021 with pH 9.65–10.61. The highest foam stability was achieved by F1 (95.65%), followed by F3 (89.47%) and F2 (87.50%). Antibacterial activity of all formulas was classified as weak (inhibition zones of 1.61–3.11 mm). F3 was the most preferred formula, with the highest estimated selling price (IDR 4,000). The application of green chemistry is reflected in the use of renewable raw materials, relatively safe processes, and biodegradable products.]]>
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