<![CDATA[One of the renewable energy sources with significant potential for further development is solar energy; however, its performance is highly influenced by surrounding environmental conditions. Several approaches can be implemented to optimize the electrical performance of solar panels, including determining the appropriate tilt angle and designing a surface cooling system. In this study, a 200 Wp solar panel was experimentally evaluated at tilt angles of 15°, 30°, and 45° and was equipped with a nozzle-based surface cooling system. The experimental results indicate that the 45° tilt angle produced the highest average output power of 209.775 W while the implementation of the surface cooling system improved the panel efficiency by approximately 13.06%, thereby enhancing the battery charging performance of a 12 V 45 Ah battery.Keywords: Solar panel, tilt angle, surface cooling system, output power, battery charging]]>
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