International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Science
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): March

Understanding Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Safety: Foundations, Challenges, and Governance

Muhammad Sami Intizar (Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering & Technology)
Aqsa Siddique (Regional Institute of Allied Health Sciences)
Maria Sikandar (Hamdard University)
Madiha Sikandar (University of Central Punjab)
Maria Farooq (Regional Institute of Allied Health Sciences)



Article Info

Publish Date
20 Mar 2026

Abstract

The deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in safety-critical domains has made ethics and safety priorities. This paper examines AI ethics and safety by synthesizing technical, philosophical, and governance perspectives. It analyzes ethical principles, including fairness, transparency, privacy, accountability, and safety, while examining tensions in their implementation. Technical approaches, including robustness mechanisms, adversarial training, and interpretability methods, are considered alongside frameworks for value alignment and corrigibility. The discussion highlights the challenges of translating values into operational requirements, when competing objectives and contextual differences complicate implementation. The paper also assesses the governance landscape, comparing regulatory approaches across jurisdictions and evaluating binding and non-binding instruments for AI development. It argues that governance requires integrating technical safeguards, ethical reflection, and institutional accountability throughout the AI lifecycle. Moving beyond principle-based declarations, the paper emphasizes auditable and enforceable practices that connect ethical commitments with implementation and oversight. This perspective supports responsible innovation while addressing the risks associated with safety-critical AI deployment.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

IJAIS

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT

Description

The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Science (IJAIS) is independently organized and managed by the Asosiasi Doktor Sistem Informasi Indonesia (ADSII). IJAIS is an open-access journal designed for researchers, lecturers, and students to publish their findings in the fields of ...