<![CDATA[Improper nitrogen fertilizer application in rice cultivation can lead to reduced crop productivity, increased susceptibility to pests and diseases, and negative environmental impacts. This study proposes an approach that integrates the Leaf Color Chart (LCC) method with graph theory to optimize fertilization routes in paddy fields. The LCC method is utilized to identify plant areas requiring nitrogen supplementation based on leaf color indicators, which are then represented as nodes in a weighted graph. The Kruskal algorithm is applied to construct a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) to determine the most efficient fertilization route. The study was conducted on a paddy field measuring 2050 m², utilizing a spraying system equipped with a four-hole nozzle. The experimental results show that the spray diameter of 0.88 m produces a coverage area of 0.607 m² per spray. Based on the constructed graph, the application of the Kruskal algorithm successfully generates an optimal fertilization path by minimizing the total route distance while ensuring all critical nodes are connected without cycles. This approach reduces redundant paths and improves the efficiency of fertilizer distribution compared to conventional practices. The results indicate that integrating LCC with the Kruskal algorithm provides a practical and efficient solution for precision fertilization, supporting better decision-making in fertilizer application, improving resource efficiency, and contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.]]>
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