<![CDATA[Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to animal and human health in Nigeria, and the world. This retrospective study analysed 2,422 clinical samples processed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Jos, between June 2022 and June 2025. Of the total samples, 90% (2174/2422) were from dogs and 80% (1933/2422) were vaginal swabs. Bacterial isolation was 95.7% (2317/2422), yielding 3,664 isolates. The most significant bacterial species identified were Escherichia coli (36.2%), Streptococcus spp. (16.76%), and Staphylococcus spp. (14.66%). Other genera isolated included Klebsiella (9.80%), Pasteurella (7.01%), Proteus (5.10%), Pseudomonas (4.37%), Salmonella (2.43%), Acinetobacter, Enterococcus, Aeromonas, Neisseria, Serratia, Micrococcus, Shigella and Enterobacter with a proportion of less than 1%. Resistance to antibiotics revealed that the isolates were resistant to all tested antimicrobials except doxycycline. High resistance rates were observed for tetracyclines (25.81% (1223), gentamicin (19.84%, 940), ceftriaxone (17.94%, 850), enrofloxacin (11.16%, 529), and amoxicillin (10.70%, 507). Moderate to low resistance to penicillin-streptomycin (9.92% [470] ), sulphonamide (3.19% [151] ), tylosin (0.78% [37] ), amikacin (0.63% [30] ), and streptomycin (0.04% [2] ) was also observed. These findings demonstrate that Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species are the most commonly isolated pathogens and indicate the significant burden of AMR, including resistance to critically important antibiotic agents.]]>
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