<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the effect of political connections on income smoothing and to determine whether institutional ownership and managerial ownership can moderate the relationship between political connections and income smoothing. This study uses political connections as the independent variable, income smoothing as the dependent variable, and institutional ownership and managerial ownership as moderating variables. This study uses secondary data from the annual reports of raw material companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2022-2024. The sample selection method used a purposive sampling method. Data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistical analysis, goodness of fit test, overall model test, multiple logistic regression analysis, coefficient of determination, hypothesis testing, and moderated regression analysis with the help of SPSS software version 27. The results show that political connections have a negative and significant effect on income smoothing. Institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on income smoothing. Managerial ownership has a negative and significant effect on income smoothing. Institutional ownership and managerial ownership are unable to moderate the effect of political connections on income smoothing. Political connection, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership simultaneously have a significant effect on income smoothing in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).]]>
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