<![CDATA[Although livestock monitoring is essential for improving farm productivity and supporting food security, conventional monitoring methods remain inefficient and may increase the risk of livestock loss. This study aims to compare the performance of Telegram-based and web-based notification systems for Internet of Things (IoT)-based livestock monitoring and to evaluate the responsiveness of the proposed web-based system. The developed system uses an ESP32 and Neo-6M GPS module to transmit livestock coordinates to a PHP-based web server, where data are stored in a MySQL database and displayed in real time using AJAX and a geofencing mechanism. System performance was evaluated through 12 field experiments conducted during morning, afternoon, and evening conditions. The results show that the proposed system achieved a notification delay of 0.06–3.4 s under normal network conditions, with a maximum delay of 25 s when the device temporarily moved outside the WiFi coverage area. Compared with the previous Telegram-based system, which relied on periodic notifications and external messaging services, the proposed web-based system provides faster and more responsive real-time monitoring. These findings demonstrate that the proposed approach can improve livestock supervision efficiency and has practical potential for supporting smart farming applications and food security.]]>
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