<![CDATA[The rapid expansion of digital commerce has fundamentally transformed the manner in which contracts are formed, performed, and enforced, thereby raising urgent questions about the adequacy of classical civil law doctrine to protect consumers who transact online. This article conducts a systematic review of civil law perspectives on consumer protection in digital transactions, synthesizing findings from twenty-three peer-reviewed studies published mainly between 2020 and 2026 across multiple jurisdictions, including Indonesia, Oman, Ecuador, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Brazil, and several cross-border and comparative settings. Employing a normative-juridical method combined with a systematic literature review protocol, the study examines how doctrines of offer and acceptance, contractual validity, standard-form agreements, and good faith are being reinterpreted to address the asymmetries of information, bargaining power, and technological complexity inherent in online transactions. The review finds that although most civil law systems retain the four classical conditions of contract validity, namely agreement of the parties, capacity, a certain object, and a lawful cause, their application to electronic contracts, smart contracts, and platform-mediated transactions remains fragmented and unevenly enforced. It further identifies personal data protection, algorithmic and smart-contract governance, and cross-border jurisdictional conflict as the three most pressing frontiers where civil law consumer protection frameworks currently fall short. The article concludes that harmonizing sector-specific regulation, namely electronic transactions law, consumer protection law, and personal data protection law, within a coherent civil law framework is essential to secure meaningful redress for digital consumers, and it proposes a research and policy agenda oriented toward that end.]]>
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