<![CDATA[Modern society faces serious challenges due to rapid urbanization, globalization, and technological advancement, which have triggered crises of identity, social alienation, and increasing mental health issues. At the same time, secularism and materialism have distanced individuals from their spiritual foundations, creating an urgent need for a renewed search for meaning and purpose. This study analyzes Muhammad Iqbal’s thought in responding to these challenges and examines how his theological and philosophical reconstruction offers an alternative framework for addressing the spiritual and existential problems of modern Muslim society. Using a qualitative approach through an in-depth literature study, this research explores essential concepts in Iqbal’s worldview, including Khudī (selfhood), educational reform, Muslim unity, innovation in religious practice, and the reinterpretation of Islamic teachings. The findings reveal that Iqbal’s reconstruction provides a coherent paradigm for revitalizing spiritual identity, strengthening moral agency, and fostering social solidarity in the context of modernity. His emphasis on dynamic selfhood and contextual ijtihād offers practical guidance for overcoming identity fragmentation, educational stagnation, and the widening gap between religious values and contemporary realities. This study contributes to the existing scholarship by offering a systematic synthesis of Iqbal’s ideas as a transformative framework for theological–philosophical renewal and by demonstrating its relevance for addressing the structural and existential crises of modern Muslim society. Therefore, Iqbal’s intellectual legacy not only enriches contemporary discourse on Islamic thought but also provides visionary and applicable solutions for building a more just, inclusive, and spiritually grounded society in the age of globalization]]>
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