<![CDATA[Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) offer increased capacity and spectrum efficiency, but the densification of large number of femtocells also triggers complex co-tier and cross-tier interferences. This condition is major challenge in maintaining service quality on 5G and beyond network. This research presents an evaluation of dynamic radio resource allocation performance as an adaptive mechanism to reduce interference in dense UDN environments. Dynamic radio resource allocation selects channels based on minimum interference from neighbouring macrocells to adjust resource allocation to actual channel conditions. Simulations on three macrocells with 210 femtocells per cell show that dynamic radio resource allocation provides consistent performance improvements over conventional scheme. This method increases signal to interference plus noise (SINR) by 8-10 dB, shifts throughput toward higher values, reduces the probability of bit error rate (BER) > 0.01 from 45% to 28%, and reduces network energy consumption by approximately 25-30%. These results confirm that dynamic radio resource allocation is an effective, adaptive, and computationally light approach to improving signal quality and energy efficiency in high-density UDN.]]>
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