<![CDATA[This study aims to design and develop an Arduino Mega 2560-based Integrated Ship Water Ballast System to improve the monitoring and control of ballast water distribution on a ship prototype. The system integrates A02YYUW ultrasonic sensors to measure water levels in four ballast tanks, an MPU6050 sensor to detect pitch and roll angles, relay modules to control eight ballast pumps, and a web dashboard for real-time monitoring. The research methodology consisted of system design, implementation, sensor calibration, and rebalancing tests under floating conditions. MPU6050 calibration was conducted through 10 static measurements by comparing sensor readings with a portable clinometer. The calibration results produced a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.046°, with a maximum error of 0.07°, which was below the specified tolerance limit of 1.0°. The rebalancing system was evaluated through 10 trials involving variations in load magnitude and load position. All trials were successfully completed, resulting in a 100% success rate. The average magnitude of the roll angle decreased from 2.30° before rebalancing to 1.54° after rebalancing, representing an improvement of approximately 33.04%. These results demonstrate that the developed system can detect changes in ship orientation and respond through ballast water redistribution. The proposed system provides a foundation for further development of an adaptive smart ballast system to support ship safety and operational efficiency.]]>
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