<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the relationship between carbon taxation, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices, and green economic transition through a semi-systematic literature review approach. The study employed secondary data obtained from Scopus-indexed publications collected using the Publish or Perish software during the 2023–2026 period. Using the keywords “carbon tax,” “green economy,” and “ESG,” the study identified 18 articles, of which 15 core articles were selected for analysis based on relevance and thematic suitability. The findings indicate that carbon taxation has evolved beyond a fiscal instrument into a strategic mechanism supporting low-carbon economic transformation, green innovation, and sustainability governance. ESG practices were also found to play an important role in improving corporate environmental accountability, stakeholder legitimacy, and sustainable business transformation. Furthermore, green innovation and sustainable finance were identified as important supporting components for accelerating green economic transition. However, several challenges remain, including greenwashing practices, regulatory inconsistency, industrial resistance, and technological limitations. This study contributes to the sustainability governance literature by integrating carbon taxation, ESG practices, and green economic transition into a comprehensive conceptual framework and providing future research directions related to climate governance and sustainable economic transformation.]]>
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