<![CDATA[Multi-cloud infrastructure is increasingly being used in network service provisioning due to its ability to improve availability and reduce reliance on a single provider. However, the performance of VPN tunneling services in multi-cloud environments can vary significantly across providers due to differences in infrastructure characteristics, data centre locations, and network capacity. This study aims to compare the performance of SSH Tunneling and Xray VMess Non-TLS across five cloud providers, including DigitalOcean, UCloud Global, Biznet GioCloud, PT Media Antar Nusa, and CV Atha Media Prima. The method used was a comparative experiment with quantitative descriptive analysis, measuring four key metrics: latency, jitter, download throughput, and upload throughput, with each scenario repeated three times. The results show that Xray VMess Non-TLS outperforms in latency and upload throughput, with Biznet GioCloud recording the lowest latency at 31.30 ms and the most stable jitter at 7.00 ms, while PT Media Antar Nusa recorded the highest upload throughput at 62.60 Mbps. Conversely, SSH Tunneling demonstrated superiority in several download throughput scenarios, with PT Media Antar Nusa recording the highest value of 45.20 Mbps. These findings indicate that the selection of protocols and cloud providers should be tailored to the specific needs of the workload, and a multi-cloud approach offers significant flexibility in optimising VPN tunneling performance.]]>
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