<![CDATA[Eye infections such as conjunctivitis are commonly caused by bacterial pathogens, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, and remain a prevalent public health concern. In Indonesia, the use of traditional medicine, including betel leaf (Piper betle L.), is widely practiced due to its accessibility and perceived safety. This study aims to critically evaluate the antibacterial potential and clinical risks associated with the use of betel leaf in ocular health. This research employed a narrative literature review approach by analyzing relevant scientific publications from the last ten years. The findings indicate that betel leaf contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, and essential oils that exhibit significant antibacterial activity under controlled laboratory conditions. However, traditional applications, particularly the use of boiled betel leaf water directly on the eye, pose substantial risks due to lack of sterility, inappropriate pH, and potential contamination. These factors may lead to irritation, secondary infections, and severe ocular complications. This study highlights a critical gap between laboratory efficacy and clinical safety, emphasizing the need for standardized pharmaceutical formulations to ensure safe therapeutic application.]]>
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