<![CDATA[This study aims to examine and analyze gender disparities in the handling of female victims of domestic violence (DV) within Indonesia’s law enforcement system and to identify the normative factors that contribute to unequal access to justice. The issue is urgent because, despite the protective framework established by UU PKDRT, female victims may continue to encounter patriarchal assumptions, victim-blaming attitudes, and institutional responses that frame DV as a private marital dispute. This study employs normative-juridical legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, with legal materials analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The findings demonstrate that gender bias among law enforcement officials can influence the assessment of victims’ complaints, the interpretation of repeated violence, the evaluation of evidence, and the prioritization of reconciliation without adequate consideration of victim safety. These practices create a normative implementation gap between the protective objectives of UU PKDRT and its application in practice, potentially allowing escalating patterns of violence to remain inadequately recognized. The novelty of this study lies in conceptualizing gender bias in law enforcement as a normative implementation problem that directly affects the fulfillment of victims’ legal protection, rather than treating gender disparity merely as a social or cultural phenomenon. The study proposes a victim-centered and gender-sensitive enforcement model emphasizing risk assessment, early protection, recognition of recurring violence, and institutional coordination to strengthen substantive justice for female victims.]]>
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