<![CDATA[Water quality management is a critical factor in determining the productivity and sustainability of catfish (Clarias sp.) aquaculture. Conventional monitoring practices are generally manual, periodic, and inefficient, limiting farmers’ ability to respond promptly to environmental changes. This study presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)–based water quality monitoring system for catfish ponds using an ESP8266 microcontroller, a type-K thermocouple temperature sensor, and an SEN0161 pH sensor. The proposed system enables real-time monitoring of water temperature and pH, wireless data transmission to an online database, and continuous visualization through a web-based interface. System performance was evaluated in three pond environments indoor, semi-outdoor, and outdoor during a six-hour observation period, yielding a total of 1,012 measurement data points. The results indicate that the recorded water temperature and pH values generally fall within the recommended ranges for catfish aquaculture, demonstrating stable monitoring performance across different environmental conditions. Linear regression analysis further confirms the consistency of temperature and pH trends during the monitoring period. The findings show that the developed system is capable of providing reliable real-time water quality information and can support data-driven pond management while reducing dependence on manual measurements. Despite its effectiveness, the system’s performance is influenced by internet connectivity and is currently limited to temperature and pH parameters. Future work may focus on extending monitoring duration, improving communication reliability, and integrating additional water quality indicators to enhance system comprehensiveness.]]>
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