<![CDATA[Social forestry is not only a means of providing legal access to forest resources but also a process shaped by local social, cultural, and customary institutions. This study analyzed social forestry development based on Minangkabau practices in Nagari Indudur, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. A qualitative case study used in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis, with thematic coding and triangulation. Findings show that social forestry integrates formal institutions with customary and nagari institutions. One Community Forestry (HKm) permit is managed by six Forest Farmer Groups (KTHs), reflecting adaptation to local management structures. Women retain customary inheritance rights, while forest management and strategic decisions remain largely dominated by men and ninik mamak. Deliberation, mutual cooperation, and customary legitimacy strengthen community acceptance and reduce tenure conflicts, but participation remains unequal. The findings highlight the need to integrate formal and customary institutions while strengthening inclusive participation for sustainable forest governance.]]>
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