<![CDATA[The limitation of parking space in Indonesian campuses has become a serious challenge as the increasing number of vehicles is not proportional to the available land area. This study aims to evaluate the systematics and compatibility of various smart parking system technologies as a solution for efficient parking management in academic environments. The research method employed is a literature review of publications from 2013–2024 covering the use of infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, cameras, and RFID. The evaluation is based on technical aspects, installation complexity, user capacity, environmental reliability, and investment cost factors. The results indicate that technology selection is highly dependent on specific campus characteristics. Infrared and ultrasonic sensors are the most economical solutions, with a price range of Rp 500,000 to Rp 700,000 per unit, making them ideal for small campuses with limited budgets. Meanwhile, ANPR camera and RFID technologies offer real-time monitoring and higher security features suitable for large campuses with high mobility, despite requiring investment costs of up to Rp 30,000,000 per unit and more complex network infrastructure. This study concludes that an adaptive approach through a combination of technologies can optimize parking efficiency and support environmental sustainability on campus.]]>
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