<![CDATA[The article addresses the specific features of female criminality and the resocialisation of women in the Czech prison system within the broader European context. Based on a historical overview, it is shown that female criminal behaviour differs significantly from male criminality in terms of motives and social determinants. The study analyses available statistical data confirming that the Czech Republic belongs among the European countries with an above-average share of incarcerated women. Particular attention is paid to criminogenic factors such as family background, traumatic experiences, mental health issues, addictions, economic dependency, and insufficient education. The empirical part of the research employs a mixed-methods design, combining a questionnaire survey among incarcerated women with semi-structured interviews with prison staff. The findings confirm that socio-economic factors and previous victimisation play a crucial role in female criminality, which calls for the adoption of gender-sensitive and comprehensive approaches in resocialisation programmes. The authors propose strengthening multidisciplinary cooperation, expanding the use of alternative sanctions, developing therapeutic programmes, and systematically supporting education and employment opportunities for women after release from prison.]]>
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