<![CDATA[Background: The rapid advancement of digital learning technologies has transformed science education, particularly in complex subjects such as human anatomy that require strong three-dimensional spatial visualization. Conventional teaching methods relying on textbooks and static images often limit students’ conceptual understanding and engagement. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR)-based mobile learning in improving science students’ understanding of human anatomy concepts. Research Method: A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was implemented involving approximately 60 students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group utilized an AR-based mobile application, while the control group received conventional instruction. Learning outcomes were measured using pretest–posttest scores, N-Gain analysis, independent sample t-test, and System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluation. Results: Findings indicate a significant improvement in the experimental group (N-Gain = 0.60) compared to the control group (N-Gain = 0.30) with p < 0.05. The AR application achieved an SUS score of 82.5 (Excellent category), indicating high usability and positive user experience. Overall: The integration of AR within mobile learning enhances spatial visualization, engagement, and conceptual understanding, providing a more interactive and effective alternative to conventional anatomy instruction.]]>
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