The State's Constitutional Responsibility in the MBG Program in Papua Siyasah Syar'iyyah Perspective

Achmad Anthasach Al Ghazali (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga)

Al-Qanun: Jurnal Kajian Sosial dan Hukum Islam
Vol 7, No 2 (2026): Al-Qanun: Jurnal Kajian Sosial dan Hukum Islam

The Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program as a form of the state's positive obligation in fulfilling the right to food, health, and child growth and development presents legal problems when the provision of public food is not fully accompanied by food safety guarantees. The cases of alleged health problems in Nabire and Depapre show that there is a tension between the goal of fulfilling nutrition and the state's obligation to prevent risks to the health of beneficiaries. This study aims to analyze the construction of the state's constitutional responsibility for food security and the health of MBG beneficiaries in Papua and assess it based on the principles of maslahah and hifz al-nafs in siyasah syar'iyyah. The research uses normative legal methods with legislative, conceptual, and case approaches and is analyzed prescriptive-analytically. The results of the study show that food safety is an integral part of the fulfillment of the right to food and the state's responsibility in the implementation of public food services includes four dimensions, namely prevention, protection, recovery, and correction, as well as accountability. The cases of Nabire and Depapre are placed as critical cases to test the resilience of the system, not as representative cases that describe the overall condition of MBG in Papua. The research also found that the geographical and infrastructure character of Papua demands adaptation of territorial risks to realize substantive equality of protection. In the perspective of siyasah syar'iyyah, maslahah directs the use of authority to the public benefit, while hifz al-nafs and daf' al-mafasid demand the protection of lives and the prevention of foreseeable harms. As a conceptual contribution, this study develops a Constitutional-Maslahah Food Safety Responsibility model that integrates the state's positive obligations, food safety risk governance, and the principle of siyasah syar'iyyah, by placing food safety as a substantive parameter for the fulfillment of rights and normative validity of the implementation of MBG.