<![CDATA[Background: Work-life balance among female workers in the hand-rolled clove cigarette industry is a critical issue because manual production work demands precision, physical stamina, and meeting production targets, while female workers also shoulder domestic responsibilities within their families. Objective: This study aims to identify the state of work-life balance among female workers at Perusahaan Rokok Gagak Hitam Bondowoso, analyze the interaction between job demands and job resources, explore female workers’ subjective experiences in balancing work and family roles, and formulate a conceptual model that supports sustainable human resource management. Methods: This study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach, with data collected through interviews, observation, and document review. Results: The findings show that female workers face several demands, including production targets, physical fatigue, repetitive work, limited rest time, and the burdens of juggling dual roles. However, work-family balance can still be managed through family support, solidarity among coworkers, supportive relationships with supervisors, and flexible leave policies provided by the company. In this context, work-life balance is not merely understood as time allocation, but as a process of social, emotional, and economic adaptation. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of gender-responsive work policies that are realistic given workers’ conditions and aligned with the principles of sustainable human resource management.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
