<![CDATA[Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effects of Safety Leadership and Safety Attitudes on Safety Motivation and Safety Knowledge, as well as their effects on Safety Compliance and Safety Participation among building construction workers in Indonesia, with Psychological Resilience as a moderating variable. The study integrates Social Learning Theory, Social Exchange Theory, and Conservation of Resources Theory into a single theoretical mechanism, in which leadership and attitudes shape motivation and knowledge, which subsequently influence safety behavior, while resilience strengthens the application of knowledge under pressure. Research Methodology: This quantitative causal study involved 320 building construction workers in Indonesia selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire distributed online via Google Forms and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS. Results: All constructs met validity and reliability criteria (Cronbach's Alpha and Composite Reliability > 0.90; AVE > 0.50). Bootstrapping results supported all 12 hypotheses, with positive path coefficients, T Statistics above 1.96, and p < 0.001. Safety Leadership and Safety Attitudes positively affected Safety Motivation and Safety Knowledge. Safety Leadership, Safety Motivation, and Safety Knowledge positively affected Safety Compliance and Safety Participation. Psychological Resilience strengthened the effects of Safety Knowledge on both outcomes. The model explained 65.3% of Safety Compliance and 66.6% of Safety Participation. Conclusions: Safety behavior emerges from the interaction of leadership, attitudes, motivation, knowledge, and resilience rather than formal rules or supervision alone. Contributions: This study extends Basahel (2021) by integrating Psychological Resilience into an established safety behavior model and combining three complementary theories to explain safety behavior among Indonesian construction workers.]]>
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