Comparative Microbial Profile of Eco-Enzymes Produced from Orange, (Citrus x sinensis Mill.) Pers. and Pineapple, (Ananas comosus L.) Merr. Peels using Metabarcoding of 16S and ITS Regions

Alifya Laras Ardana Pudijanto (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, indonesia)
Miftahul Ilmi (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences
2026: IJLS Vol 08 No.02

Eco-enzyme (EE) is an organic antibacterial substance used as an eco-friendly cleaner. Although EE applications have been widely studied, microbial diversity identification through 16S and ITS metabarcoding remains limited. This study characterized bacterial and fungal biodiversity in orange (Citrus sinensis) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel-derived EE using metabarcoding of the 16S and ITS regions. EE samples were prepared using a 1:3:10 ratio of molasses, organic waste, and water, then fermented for 3 months. DNA was extracted, amplified with universal 16S and ITS primers, and confirmed by gel electrophoresis. Sequencing was conducted by the Integrated Genomic Factory (IGF) using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT), and data were analyzed in RStudio. Pineapple EE contained 10 bacterial species, while orange EE contained 9 species within the top 10 most abundant species detected (out of a total of 71 species in pineapple EE and 54 species in orange EE).