<![CDATA[Accurately determining the status of fruit fly species is crucial for sustainable management in horticultural systems. This study was compared para-pheromone traps and host rearing data for recorded fruit flies in eight commodities in East Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia: angled luffah, chili, cucumber, durian, guava, jackfruit, snake fruit, and tangerine. Traps were installed using two attractants, i.e., methyl eugenol (ME) and cue-lure (CUE), with a toxicant, while infested fruits were collected and maintained for host rearing. The fruit flies were recorded and identified using standard Tephritidae keys. A total of 78,453 individuals were collected, consisting of 13 species belonging to non-pests (7-12 species), actual pests (1-3 species), and conditional pests (1 species). The highest percentages of species observed were Bactrocera dorsalis (43%) and Bactrocera carambolae (34%), which were attracted to ME and categorized as pests on chili, guava, jackfruit, snake fruit, and tangerine, while as non-pests on other crops. The integrative approach enabled recording the actual species collected from the crop field. This finding shows that integrating para-pheromone trapping with host rearing provides a more reliable basis for evidence that fruit flies constitute a group of agricultural pests, which is crucial for developing pest management strategies in horticultural systems.]]>
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