<![CDATA[Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is an essential newborn care practice, yet timely initiation remains inconsistent because of maternal, clinical, family, and service related barriers. Objective: To identify factors independently associated with EIBF among neonates receiving delivery and immediate postpartum care in primary healthcare. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted at Puskesmas Kecamatan Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta, from January to April 2026. A consecutive sample of 320 mother-neonate pairs was assessed using a structured maternal and neonatal form. EIBF was defined as breastfeeding within one hour after birth. Chi square analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Results: EIBF occurred in 222 neonates (69.4%). Positive independent associations were found for immediate skin to skin contact (aOR 4.19; 95% CI 2.04-8.59), health-worker support (aOR 2.44; 95% CI 1.37-4.35), breastfeeding counselling (aOR 2.17; 95% CI 1.18-3.96), and at least four antenatal visits (aOR 1.98; 95% CI 1.06-3.71). Caesarean section (aOR 0.27; 95% CI 0.15-0.49) and maternal/neonatal complications (aOR 0.36; 95% CI 0.20-0.65) reduced EIBF odds. Family support, maternal knowledge, preterm birth, and low birth weight were not significant. Conclusion: Strengthening skin to skin contact, counselling, health worker support, and antenatal preparation may improve EIBF implementation in primary care.]]>
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