<![CDATA[The Three Million Housing Units Program is a national strategic policy to accelerate the fulfillment of housing needs and realize the right to adequate housing guaranteed by Article 28H, paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution and the Law on Housing and Settlement Areas. However, criteria for decent housing in Indonesia remain fragmented across legal frameworks, resulting in not integrated standards that complicate uniform housing development guidelines. Without integrated and binding standards, housing quality may vary across regions. This study analyzes normative gap by examining national legal provisions against decent housing indicators recommended by UN-Habitat and WHO. Using a normative legal method combining legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, it compares Indonesia with Singapore, which applies these WHO and UN-Habitat indicators as best practice. The findings indicate that national provisions remain scattered and lack measurable indicators of housing adequacy, whereas Singapore demonstrates that integrating international standards into binding regulations can ensure housing quality, health, and sustainability. This study proposes integrating criteria from the Ministry of Housing and Settlement Areas’ Handbook, UN-Habitat, and WHO into Government Regulation No. 12 of 2021, the implementing regulation of the Housing and Settlement Areas Law, thereby providing a legal basis for measurable, binding decent housing standards.]]>
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