IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)
Vol 15, No 5: October 2026

Empirical evaluation of generative fusion decoding for Indonesian general and medical speech recognition

Asril Jarin (National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN))
Lyla Ruslana Aini (National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN))
Agung Santosa (National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN))
Gunarso Gunarso (National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN))
Mohammad Teduh Uliniansyah (National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN))
Elvira Nurfadhilah (National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN))
Siska Pebiana (National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN))



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Oct 2026

Abstract

This study empirically evaluates generative fusion decoding (GFD) with open-weight large language models for Indonesian automatic speech recognition (ASR) under two controlled offline conditions: general read speech (FLEURS-ID) and medical dictation (Harkit). The training-free byte-level fusion integrates three frozen language-model backends—SEA-LION, Sahabat-AI, and Mistral—with frozen Whisper-large-v3 during decoding. A development partition was used to select the static fusion weight and prompting condition, and a held-out test partition was used for final evaluation. On FLEURS-ID, the best GFD configuration reduced corpus-level word error rate (WER) from 5.91% to 4.17%, corresponding to a 29.36% relative reduction. On Harkit, it reduced WER from 15.89% to 12.30%, a 22.59% relative reduction. Paired utterance-level tests yielded p < 0.01 for both datasets. Several non-prompted configurations already improved over the unfused Whisper-large-v3 baseline, suggesting that the external language-model prior contributed more consistently than explicit prompting. Prompting produced limited changes on FLEURS-ID and larger but backend-dependent changes on Harkit. The results support GFD as a training-free decoding strategy under the evaluated conditions, while broader validation is required for noisy, spontaneous, streaming, and clinical deployment settings.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

IJAI

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Engineering

Description

IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) publishes articles in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). The scope covers all artificial intelligence area and its application in the following topics: neural networks; fuzzy logic; simulated biological evolution algorithms (like ...