<![CDATA[This study investigated the optimal clay–sand ratio for producing porous ceramic emitters with efficient water distribution. Experiments were conducted at the Soil and Water Laboratory, Sriwijaya University, using a randomized block design with five treatment clay and sand mixtures ratio: P1 (1.5:1), P2 (1.25:1), P3 (1:1), P4 (1:1.25), and P5 (1:1.5), each treatment replicated three times. Water discharges for each treatment was 0.02 l.h-1, 0.05 l.h-1, 0.1 l.h-1, 0.20 l.h-1, and 0.60 l.h-1. The composition of clay and sand in the manufacture of porous ceramic emitters affected the distribution of water horizontally (H), vertically above the drip line (Va), and vertically below the drip line (Vb), as well as the ratio of the distance of water distribution below the drip line (H/Vb). The emitter with the highest sand composition (P5) exhibited horizontal water distribution distances of 13.95 cm, 10.52 cm, and 13.21 cm above and below the drip line, respectively. However, this emitter had the lowest value in the ratio of horizontal water distribution distance to water distribution distance below the drip line (H/Vb), which was 1.06. Increasing the amount of sand only affected the water distribution ratio below the drip line (H/Vb). The simulation results showed that all treatments had a horizontal water distribution ratio to vertical water distribution below the drip line that was equal to or greater than 1.0, which is one of the criteria for assessing a good water distribution pattern.]]>
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