<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the extent to which capital structure and sales growth influence financial distress, firm size moderates this relationship among industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. The initial study population comprised 67 companies in this sector. After screening based on sample selection criteria, 33 companies that met the criteria were identified, resulting in 165 observations. This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data. The relationships among variables were tested using panel data analysis, and moderation effects were tested using Eviews 13 software. The results of the analysis indicate that capital structure has no effect on financial distress, while sales growth has a positive effect on financial distress, and firm size has a negative effect on financial distress. The results of the moderation test show that firm size does not moderate the relationship between capital structure on financial distress but strengthens the effect of sales growth on financial distress. These findings provide empirical evidence regarding the factors influencing financial distress in companies in the industrial sector in Indonesia during the study period.]]>
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