<![CDATA[Heavy metal pollution, particularly Cu(II), is an important concern in water quality management, highlighting the need for effective, economical, and renewable adsorbent materials. Oil palm fronds are abundant biomass waste with potential for conversion into activated carbon for heavy metal adsorption. This study aimed to synthesize findings from previous studies on the performance of oil palm frond-derived activated carbon for Cu(II) adsorption, focusing on adsorbent dosage, contact time, activation treatment, adsorption kinetics, and isotherm models. A literature review was conducted using narrative synthesis and comparative analysis of relevant studies. The synthesized findings show that increasing adsorbent dosage and contact time generally improves Cu(II) removal efficiency under comparable experimental conditions. In one reported Cu(II) adsorption study, an adsorbent dosage of 1.5 g and a contact time of 40 minutes achieved a removal efficiency of 37.34%, compared with 31.46% at a dosage of 1.0 g. Other characterization studies reported substantial changes in surface properties following activation, with H₃PO₄-activated carbon showing a surface area of 307.692 m²/g compared with 15.149 m²/g for unactivated carbon. The synthesized kinetic results showed a higher R² value for the pseudo-second-order model (0.9972), while the Freundlich model showed a higher fit than the Langmuir model, with an R² value of 0.9990. Overall, the reviewed literature indicates that oil palm frond-derived activated carbon has potential for Cu(II) adsorption, although its performance varies according to activation conditions and adsorption parameters.]]>
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