<![CDATA[Groundwater is the principal source of domestic and irrigation water in Limuna Bilbilo Woreda, East Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. The study was conducted to evaluate groundwater quality using the Water Quality Index (WQI), GIS, hydrochemical facies analysis, irrigation-water indices, lithological interpretation, and statistical analysis. Eighteen groundwater samples from ten springs and eight boreholes were analyzed for 21 physicochemical parameters. The suitability of drinking water was determined using the weighted arithmetic WQI method based on WHO and Ethiopian standards, and irrigation suitability was determined using EC, TDS, SAR, Na%, RSC, PI, MAR, and Kelley's index. The WQI results indicated that 61.1% of the samples were excellent, 27.8% good, 5.6% poor, and 5.6% very poor for drinking. The majority of groundwater sources were suitable for irrigation, though some boreholes had local sodium and magnesium hazards. The Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type was the most dominant hydrochemical facies, associated with recharge, mineral weathering, and water-rock interaction. The results provide a baseline for groundwater monitoring, aquifer protection, and water-supply planning in rural volcanic terrains.]]>
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