<![CDATA[Penetrant testing is a non-destructive testing method used to detect welding defects on the surface of welded materials by applying a penetrant liquid. Its working principle is based on capillarity, namely the ability of a liquid to seep into small openings or defects. This study aims to analyze the effect of dwell time on the results and size of welding defects in Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) using S355J2 carbon steel material. The dwell time variations applied were 1 minute, 3 minutes, 6 minutes, 9 minutes, 12 minutes, and 15 minutes. The test results indicate that variations in dwell time influence the readability of defect indications on the weld surface. The longer the dwell time, the higher the sensitivity of defect detection and the wider the defects revealed. The conclusion of this study demonstrates that selecting the appropriate dwell time in penetrant testing is crucial to obtaining accurate and efficient inspection results in detecting welding defects in S355J2 carbon steel.]]>
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