English Language Teaching Methodology (ELTM)
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): English Language Teaching Method

Beyond The Silence: Psychological, Social, And Linguistic Barriers to English Speaking Confidence

Nur Fajra (English Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu, Palu, Indonesia)
Abdah (English Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu, Palu, Indonesia)
Andi Naniwarsih (English Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu, Palu, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Speaking English requires not only linguistic knowledge but also sufficient confidence to take communicative risks. However, some beginning EFL learners remain silent, avoid interaction, and experience anxiety when asked to speak publicly. This study explored the self-confidence barriers experienced by seventh-grade students in English speaking at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Palu. A descriptive qualitative design was employed with all seven students in the class and one English teacher as a key informant. Data were collected through a ten-item closed-ended questionnaire, a ten-question semi-structured teacher interview, classroom observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification, supported by triangulation across the data sources. The findings indicate that students’ confidence problems were shaped primarily by the interaction of social, psychological, and linguistic barriers. Although most students felt relatively comfortable with the teacher’s structured questioning and 71.43% reported that pictures or videos reduced nervousness, all students considered regular speaking practice beneficial and all preferred small-group speaking to individual performance. At the same time, 100% reported that fear of grammatical mistakes could make them remain silent, while 85.7% experienced sudden vocabulary loss when being observed by peers. In addition, 71.4% lacked confidence to maintain eye contact, 85.7% experienced physical symptoms such as trembling or a racing heart, and 71.4% preferred silence when they did not know an English word. The study suggests that speaking instruction should prioritize psychologically safe interaction, frequent low-stakes practice, visual scaffolding, and flexible communication strategies.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

eltm

Publisher

Subject

Social Sciences

Description

English Language Teaching Methodology (ELTM), Provides research results related to teaching methods that refer to general principles, pedagogies, and management strategies used in the classroom during the teaching and learning process related to language development. The ELTM journal also Formulates ...