<![CDATA[Teaching factory implementation in computer numerical control (CNC) machining learning provides work experience close to industrial conditions, but machine conditions and production results cannot be monitored directly. This study aimed to develop and initially assess the feasibility of a digital twin prototype connected to CNC machines as a monitoring tool for CNC lathe learning. The development followed the define, design, and develop stages of the 4D model, while the disseminate stage was not conducted because the study was limited to product development and initial evaluation. Needs identification involved three productive teachers purposively selected based on their involvement in teaching factory management. Prototype evaluation involved one dashboard expert, two vocational teachers, and five 11th-grade machining students. The system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller to read ready/idle, running, and alarm conditions and transmit data through Wi-Fi using the message queuing telemetry transport protocol to ThingsBoard. The dashboard provides runtime, downtime, cycle time, production results, availability, performance, quality, and overall equipment effectiveness information. Needs analysis yielded 42 positive responses from 45 item-level responses (93.33%). The dashboard expert assessment reached 77.50%, while the two vocational teachers scored 100% and 90%, respectively, and the five students achieved a combined usefulness and feasibility score of 76.95%. The results indicate an initial feasible basis for using the prototype to support data-based CNC learning. However, its effects on student competence and learning outcomes were not assessed and require further experimental evaluation]]>
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