<![CDATA[Purpose This research seeks to examine and describe the forms, classifications, and flaws (‘aib) of qāfiyah found in the Salawat Mahalul Qiyam verses of Kitab al-Barzanji composed by Shaykh Ja‘far al-Barzanji. Method The study applies a descriptive qualitative method using the qawāfī approach. Data were obtained through listening and note-taking techniques conducted on 38 poetic verses of the Salawat Mahalul Qiyam as the primary data source. Results/findings The analysis produces three major findings. First, the qāfiyah pattern is predominantly categorized as ba‘da kalimah, occurring in 37 verses, while only one verse belongs to the kalimah wāḥidah category. Second, every verse employs the mutawātir type of qāfiyah with four different rawī letters: kāf (ك), rā’ (ر), nūn (ن), and tā’ (ت), with kasrah being the most frequently occurring vowel pattern. Third, the study identifies four qāfiyah flaws (‘aib), namely al-iṭā’, al-iqwā’, al-ishrāf, and al-iqfa’. Conclusion The findings indicate that the Salawat Mahalul Qiyam is structured according to the principles of qawāfī in classical Arabic poetry. Despite the presence of several qāfiyah flaws, these elements support the cohesion of meaning and intensify spiritual expression when the poem is recited or chanted.]]>
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